3D printing as a combination of living cells and biomaterials is an important advanced approach in regenerative medicine and nutraceutical delivery.
There are a number of new potential bio-inks for the production of 3DP products with promising technical and functional capabilities. For example, Pickering emulsions (stabilized by irreversible adsorbed particles at the oil/water interface) as a printing ink in the 3D printing process.
Bioactive compounds (bioactive substances) produced by bacteria in combination with polygels and Bacterial biofilms as a 3D self-generating extracellular network.
Printing a mixture of alginate-bacterial bio-inks on calcium-containing agar surfaces on this 3D platform promotes the formation of multilayered structures of bacteria encapsulated in a hydrogel with resistance to aggressive chemical treatments and various geometries.