The gastrointestinal tract is controlled by a part of the autonomic nervous system called the enteric nervous system. Its constituent nerve plexuses are located in the membranes of hollow organs:
☑️ esophagus
☑️ stomach
☑️ thin
☑️ colon
☑️ in the bile and pancreatic ducts.
They regulate the functioning of smooth muscles of organs that have contractile activity. The cells of these muscles contain various receptors (dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic receptors) that respond to the release of certain neurotransmitters. By influencing them, consistency in the work of organs is achieved.
The second floor deals with control related to the central nervous system and higher nervous activity. Due to a deficiency of serotonin and norepinephrine in the area of the synapses of the brain and the synapses of the nerve nodes in the intestinal wall, motor activity is disrupted and the sensitivity of the stomach to hydrochloric acid, with which food is digested, increases.
The stomach, which is designed to constantly contain acid, suddenly begins to sense it and transmit this information to the brain as pain.
Active reflux occurs: the stomach suddenly contracts and forcefully throws its contents into the esophagus.