Changes adopted in 2021 to the MR “Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation”

The Norms have expanded and updated the conceptual apparatus, introduced terms and definitions to them: nutriment, intestinal microbiome, trans-isomers of fatty acids, critically important food substances, edible salt, glycemic index of food products, etc.
Changes have been made to the age periodization of the children and adults of the Russian Federation, adjustments have been made to the differentiation of the population by the level of physical activity, which is represented by 4 groups for men and women. Considering these data, the recommendations on the proportion (specific gravity) of macronutrients in the caloric content of the daily diet have been adjusted.
The levels of physiological needs for energy and nutrients depending on the physical activity of the population, including vitamins and minerals for both men and women, including during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children of different ages, have been clarified.
For the first time, recommendations for reducing the consumption of nutrients critically important for health (dietary salt, added sugars, trans-isomeric fatty acids) are included, based on data from modern meta-analyses to assess the negative health effects of their excessive consumption.
Recommendations on the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-3 and ω-6 by children and adults, including pregnant and lactating women, have been significantly expanded, adequate consumption levels for plant sterols have been introduced for the first time, adequate consumption levels of individual phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, polymer phenolic compounds and stilbenes) have been clarified.
For the first time, the Norms include recommended levels of water consumption (drinks) to maintain the body’s water balance under optimal environmental conditions for adult men and women at different levels of physical activity, for children, as well as for pregnant and lactating women. For the first time in world practice, a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the reference intestinal microbiome is presented, including modern taxonomic and functional characteristics that give an idea of the microbiota phenotype in adults with a normal body mass index.
Methodological recommendations of MP 2.3.1.0253-21